Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 47; Ciucci 2016: 381; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 87. Feminine. The segmentation could also be ʔɨx-ˈɨtaʔ {ɨjɨta}. Distinct from ʔukˈu-t {ukut} 'lower abdomen' [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 30; Ciucci 2013: 15; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 59].
Number:5
Word:big
Ybytoso:di-ɕ ~ dɨ-ɕ {dich ~ dɨch}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 22; Ciucci 2016: 541, 634–642; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 40. Masculine plural: de-yo {deyo}; feminine singular: da-ta {data}; feminine plural: da-tɨ {datɨ}. According to Ciucci, the feminine singular form is rarely used (and the original masculine form may then replace the erstwhile feminine form), and the (originally masculine) plural form de-yo {deyo} is likewise attested for both genders by Ciucci, whereas the form da-tɨ {datɨ} does not appear in his data at all. There is no dedicated predicative form. Polysemy: 'big / very'. It is explicitly stated in [Ciucci 2016: 640–642] that di-ɕ ~ dɨ-ɕ {dich ~ dɨch} (when it modifies a noun) and bal̥ˈu-t {bahlut} are synonyms.
Number:5
Word:big
Ybytoso:bal̥ˈu-t {bahlut}2
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 16; Ciucci 2016: 574, 640–642; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 31. Masculine plural: bal̥u-wo {bahluwo}; feminine singular: bal̥u-taʔ {bahluta}; feminine plural: bal̥uː {bahluu}. Predicative form: bal̥u-ʔ ~ bal̥u-wa {bahlu ~ balhuwa} (masculine), bal̥uː-ʔ {bahluu} (feminine). It is explicitly stated in [Ciucci 2016: 640–642] that di-ɕ ~ dɨ-ɕ {dich ~ dɨch} (when it modifies a noun) and bal̥ˈu-t {bahlut} are synonyms. Polysemy: 'big / chief'.
Ybytoso:ɕ=ˈeːs ~ c=ˈeːs ~ ɕ=ˈes {chees ~ sees ~ ches}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 16; Ciucci 2016: 149, 165; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 33. According to Ciucci, ɕ=ˈeːs {chees} is the older form, with younger speakers preferring c=ˈeːs {tsees} instead. This is an irregular verb: in forms other than 3.real, it shows the unexpected allomorphs =ˈiːs {=iis} (1sgt=ˈiːs {tiis}, 1incly=ˈiːs {yiis}, 3.irrd=ˈiːs ~ l=ˈiːs {diis ~ liis}), and the second-person form is ʔ=ˈaːs {aas}. Polysemy: 'to bite / to sting / to criticize'.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 21; Ciucci 206: 541, 782; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 39 (only in the meanings 'hard, expensive'). Masculine. Plural: de=bˈi-yoʔ {debiyo}. Polysemy: 'bone / hard / expensive / worker'. The root is likely =ɨbˈi- {=ɨbi-}, though it is attested only in the paradigm of the term for 'worker' (which could be a homophone) but not of the term for 'bone'.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 43; Ciucci 2016: 785; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 77 ({tɨret}). Distinct from t=ˈãːɕa {taãcha} 'to reach, to arrive' [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 40; Ciucci 2016: 162] and from the archaic verb yahalˈot {yahalot} [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 45; Ciucci 2016: 204].
Number:17
Word:die
Ybytoso:tˈoy / =ɨtɨ {toy / =ɨtɨ}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 43; Ciucci 2016: 194. The allomorph tˈoy {toy} is used in the third person and =ɨtɨ {=ɨtɨ} in all other forms. The 1sg form has an irregular variant tuk=wɨtɨ {tukwɨtɨ} alongside the regular tɨk=ɨtɨ {tɨkɨtɨ}.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 47; Ciucci 2016: 183; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 86. ʔˈɨ=hɨʔ {ɨhɨ} is the 3.real form. In other forms, it shows the allomorph =ohoʔ {=oho} (e.g. 1sgtok=ohoʔ {tokoho}, 1incly=ohoʔ {yoho}, 3.irrd=ohoʔ {doho}), and the second-person form is ʔe=heʔ {ehe}.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 41; Ciucci 2016: 149. Transitive. The allomorph =ˈaw {=aw} is found in the 1sg form t=ˈaw {taw}, and the allomorph =ahu {=ahu} is found in the 1pl forms, such as 1incly=ahu {yahu}.
Number:24
Word:egg
Ybytoso:ˈm̥aɹ-t {hmart}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 24 (m̥ˈãɹ-ak {hmãrak}); Ciucci 2013: 13; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 44. Masculine. Plural: m̥ˈaɹ-o ~ m̥ˈaɹ-e {hmaro ~ hmare}. Predicative form: m̥ˈaɹ-ak {hmarak}. The Spanish loan web-ɨt {webɨt} is also used in this meaning.
Number:25
Word:eye
Ybytoso:ʔˈon-taʔ {onta}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 33; Ciucci 2016: 782; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 65. Feminine. The plural is suppletive: ʔˈɨl-eʔ {ɨle}.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 32; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 63. Plural: nˈãɹ-e {nãre}. Predicative form: nˈãɹ-ak {nãrak}. The argumental form nˈãɹ-t {nãrt}, given here as the lemma, is not attested in our sources. Compare also the Spanish loan kɹas-t {krast} [Ciucci 2016: 782].
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 36, 44; Ciucci 2016: 527; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 72. Relational. Masculine. Plural: ʔukut-ˈuwo ~ ʔukut-ˈulo {ukutuwo ~ ukutulo}. Predicative form: ʔukut-ˈak {ukutak}. This term is used when the fire is possessed, and with reference to fire for cooking.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 49; Ciucci 2016: 380. ʔˈɨ=ʆɨm {ɨshɨm} is the 3.real form. In other forms, it shows the allomorph =ˈosɨm {=osɨm} (e.g. 1sgtok=ˈosɨm {tokosɨm}, 1incly=ˈosɨm {yosɨm}, 3.irrd=ˈosɨm {dosɨm}), and the second-person form is ʔˈa=sɨm {asɨm}.
Number:34
Word:good
Ybytoso:ʔˈom {om}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 33; Ciucci 2016: 584; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 65. Plural: ʔom-o ~ ʔoːm-o {omo ~ oomo} (masculine), ʔom-e {ome} (feminine). The Spanish loan wˈeno {weno} has also been attested [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 45].
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 24; Ciucci 2013: 9; Ciucci 2016: 390, 553; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 44. Feminine. Plural: m̥-e {hme}. Predicative form: m̥-eʔ ~ m̥a-ʔ {hme ~ hma}. The variant =m̥ˈɨ-taʔ is attested in all non-third-person forms in [Ciucci 2016], but not in [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000], who give =m̥ˈa-taʔ {=hmata} instead.
Number:38
Word:head
Ybytoso:hˈu-taʔ / =ˈuː-taʔ {huta / =uuta}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 23; Ciucci 2016: 388, 551; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 43. Feminine. Plural: hˈu ~ hˈu-we {hu ~ huwe}. Predicative form: hˈu-ʔ {hu}. The stem variant =ˈuː-taʔ {=uuta} (also =ˈeː-taʔ {=eeta}) occurs as a contraction of =u=hˈu-taʔ {=uhuta} (=e=hˈe-taʔ {=eheta}), where u and e are the final vowels of the respective person prefixes.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 75; Ciucci 2016: 153, 167, 168; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 75. The allomorph =ˈuːʔ {=uu} is found in the third-person realis forms and in the 1sg form t=ˈuːʔ {tuu}. The allomorph =uhuʔ {=uhu} is found in the 1pl forms, such as 1incly=uhuʔ {yuhu}, and in the 3irr form d=uhuʔ {duhu}. The second-person forms are suppletive, as in 2sgtˈuk {tuk}. Distinct from c=ɨn̥ˈa ~ ɕ=ɨn̥ˈa {sɨhna ~ chɨhna} 'to finish, to end, to empty, to spend everything, to destroy, to kill' [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 40; Ciucci 2016: 165; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 75] and from ʔi=y̥a / =ol̥a {ihya / =ohla} 'to kill, to hit the center of (with a gun)' [Ciucci 2016: 180].
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 26; Ciucci 2016: 528; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 48. Masculine. Plural: ʔĩy̥-ˈõ {ihyõ}. Predicative form: ʔĩy̥-ˈãk {ihyãk}. Polysemy: 'leaf / wing / feather'. This is likely a more basic term than the pluralia tantum terms poɹˈĩy̥-o {porĩhyo} 'leaves' [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 35] and pohikˈẽɹ-e {pohikẽre} 'fallen leaves' [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 35; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 69].
Number:47
Word:lie
Ybytoso:t=ˈɨnɨm {tɨnɨm}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 43; Ciucci 2016: 785; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 77 ({tɨnum}. More specifically 'to lie face up'. Distinct from č=iː=l=aɹʐ-(ɨ)t {chiilarz(ɨ)t} 'to lie beside' [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 17; Ciucci 2016: 404; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 35], ič nãɻʐ n̥ɨm-ˈiɕ ~ ič n̥aɹ nɨm-ˈiɕ {ich hnar nɨmich} 'to lie in oneʼs bed, to take a rest' [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 25; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 47], ceynˈe n̥ɨm-ˈiɕ {seyne hnɨmich} 'to lie on oneʼs chest, to lie face down' [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 38; Ciucci 2016: 785].
Number:48
Word:liver
Ybytoso:ʔiːbɨ-taʔ {iibɨta}1
Ciucci 2013: 12. Feminine. Plural: iːbɨ {iibɨ}. Predicative form: ʔiːbɨ-ʔ {iibɨ}. There is also the allomorph =ːybɨ-taʔ {=eybɨta} after e-final prefixes, as in 2sgʔe=ːybɨ-taʔ {eeybɨta}, refl 2sgde=ːybɨ-taʔ {deeybɨta}.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 29; Ciucci 2016: 545; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 55. Masculine. Plural: koxˈa-no ~ koxˈã-no {kojano ~ kojãno}. The variant with an oral vowel is attested in most sources [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000; Ozuna Ortiz 2019], and the one with a nasal vowel is found in [Ciucci 2016]. The variant koxˈã-t {kojãt} is reported, but is very rare [Ciucci 2016: 545]. Polysemy: 'stone / mountain'. Distinct from wˈɨ̃ɹi-t ~ wɨɹˈĩː-t {wɨ̃rit ~ wɨriĩt} (plural: wˈɨ̃ɹy-e ~ wɨɹˈĩː-yo ~ wɨɹˈĩː-ye {wɨ̃rye ~ wɨriĩyo ~ wɨriĩye}, predicative form: wɨɹˈĩː-yak {wɨriĩyak}) 'hill' [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 45; Ciucci 2016: 528; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 82].
Number:56
Word:mouth
Ybytoso:ʔaʍˈo-ʔ {ahwo}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 14; Ciucci 2016: 584; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 27. This is the predicative form; the argumental form is not attested. Plural: ʔaʍˈo {ahwo}.
Number:57
Word:name
Ybytoso:ʔˈiː-ɕ {iich}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 25; Ciucci 2016: 540, 593; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 48. Masculine. Plural: ʔˈiː-yo {iiyo}. Predicative form: ʔˈiː-k {iik}. There is also the allomorph =ːy-ɕ {=eych} after e-final prefixes, as in 2sgʔe=ːy-ɕ {eeych}. Homophonous with the terms for 'placenta' and 'thirst'.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 47; Ciucci 2016: 789; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 86 ({ɨchɨraha}). This is the predicative form; the argumental form is not attested. Masculine plural: ʔɨɕɨɹˈãh-o {ɨchɨrãho}; feminine plural: ʔɨɕɨɹˈẽh-e {ɨchɨrẽhу}.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 11, 39; Ciucci 2016: 674, 679, 680. The forms with c {s} and n {n} are free variants. The masculine argumental and predicative forms are given in the lemma. Feminine: com̥a-t(aʔ) ~ nom̥a-t(aʔ) {sohmat(a) ~ nohmat(a)}.
Ciucci 2013: 19. Borrowed from Spanish reðˈond-o {redondo}.
Number:70
Word:sand
Ybytoso:ʔeɹˈen-t {erent}-1
Ciucci 2013: 11. Borrowed from Spanish aˈɾena {arena}.
Number:71
Word:say
Ybytoso:t=ˈatʰa / =ˈiːtʰa {tata / =iita}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 41; Ciucci 2016: 149, 163. Polysemy: 'to say / to report / to testify'. The allomorph =ˈiːtʰa {=iita} is found in the first-person forms (e.g. 1sgt=ˈiːtʰa {tiita}, 1incly=ˈiːtʰa {yiita}).
Number:71
Word:say
Ybytoso:t=ˈatʰɨm / =ˈitʰɨm {tatɨm / =itɨm}2
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 41; Ciucci 2016: 149, 163; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 30. Polysemy: 'to tell / to report / to say / to ask'. The allomorph =ˈitʰɨm {=itɨm} is found in the first-person forms (e.g. 1sgt=ˈitʰɨm {titɨm}, 1incly=ˈitʰɨm {yitɨm}).
Number:72
Word:see
Ybytoso:ʔumˈoʔ / =omˈoʔ {umo / =omo}1
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 44; Ciucci 2016: 132, 182. The allomorph =omˈoʔ {=omo} is seen in the 3.irr form n=omˈoʔ {nomo} and in the variant tok=omˈoʔ {tokomo} of the 1sg form tuk=umˈoʔ {tukumo}.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 38; Ciucci 2016: 605; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 74. This is the predicative form; the argumental form is attested only with an additional diminutive suffix: ʆakɨɹ-ˈaːbɨ-t {shakɨraabɨt} [Ciucci 2016: 605, fn. 435].
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 33; Ciucci 2016: 577; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 66. Masculine / feminine. In [Ciucci 2016: 680], yet another term for 'two' is given, ʔaɹˈĩ / ʆaɹˈĩ {arĩ / sharĩ}, but these are not attested in other sources.
Ulrich & Ulrich 2000: 27; Ciucci 2016: 789; Ozuna Ortiz 2019: 53 ({karhɨr}). The variant with an oral vowel is attested in most sources [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000; Ozuna Ortiz 2019], and the one with a nasal vowel is found in [Ciucci 2016]. Masculine plural: kaɹ̥-o {kahro}. Predicative form: kˈahɨ̃ɹ-ʔ {kahɨr ~ kahɨ̃r} (masculine).
